Understanding Dysplasia
Dysplasia refers to abnormal growth or development of cells, tissues, or bones, and it can occur in many areas of the body. One of the most common forms is hip dysplasia, a condition in which the hip joint does not form properly. While some types of dysplasia cause few or no symptoms at first, they can lead to more serious issues if left untreated. Early detection, especially in infants and children, can greatly improve long-term hip function and mobility.
How Hip Dysplasia Develops
Hip dysplasia occurs when the top of the thigh bone does not sit securely within the hip socket. When the ball and socket do not align correctly, the surrounding bones and tissues cannot develop as they should. This condition often begins during pregnancy or at birth, when space inside the uterus becomes limited. Babies who are breech or larger in size may be more likely to experience improper hip joint formation.
Genetics also play a role, as hip dysplasia tends to run in families and occurs more frequently in girls than boys. In newborns, the condition may not be obvious right away, which is why pediatricians regularly screen infants by gently rotating their legs. Identifying hip dysplasia early helps ensure that treatment can guide the bones into the correct position as the child grows.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Symptoms of hip dysplasia vary depending on age. In babies, one leg may appear longer, or one hip may seem less flexible during diaper changes. As children begin to walk, a limp or uneven gait may become noticeable. These early signs often prompt further evaluation to confirm whether the hip joint is developing normally.
In older children, teens, and adults, untreated hip dysplasia can cause ongoing pain and joint problems. Labral tears, osteoarthritis, and groin pain during physical activity are common complications. Some individuals experience instability when standing or walking, making weight-bearing movements uncomfortable. Over time, these issues may limit mobility and increase the risk of degenerative joint disease.
Treatment Options for All Ages
Treatment for hip dysplasia depends largely on the patient’s age and the severity of the joint misalignment. Infants are often treated with a soft brace or harness that gently holds the femur in the correct position, encouraging the hip socket to form properly. Babies older than six months may require surgery to reposition the bones, followed by a cast to stabilize the joint during healing. Older children, adolescents, and adults often need surgical correction to reshape or reposition the hip socket. Arthroscopic procedures allow surgeons to make small incisions, reducing discomfort and recovery time. In severe cases, particularly when arthritis has developed, a hip replacement may be recommended to restore mobility and relieve pain.
Recovery and Long-Term Care
After surgery or bracing, physical therapy plays a key role in rebuilding strength and improving range of motion. Therapists guide patients through exercises that support proper hip alignment and help restore daily function. Ongoing monitoring ensures that the hip joint continues to develop correctly in children and remains stable in adults.
Many people with hip dysplasia recover well with timely treatment, but long-term care is important to prevent future joint problems. Maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding high-impact activities can help protect the hip over time. Whether detected in infancy or later in life, early attention and appropriate care offer the best chance for lasting mobility and comfort.